What is a common side effect that a nurse should expect in a client taking an ACE inhibitor?

A common side effect of ACE inhibitors that nurses should be aware of is a persistent cough. This side effect arises from the medication's mechanism of action, which blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

The accumulation of bradykinin, a substance whose breakdown is inhibited by ACE inhibitors, is thought to lead to this cough. While the cough is typically dry and nonproductive, it can be bothersome enough for some patients to discontinue the medication. Understanding this side effect is crucial for healthcare professionals since it can impact medication adherence and overall management of hypertension or heart failure.

In contrast, other potential side effects like weight gain are not typically associated with ACE inhibitors; weight gain often implies fluid retention, which is not a primary effect of this class of drugs. A rash may occur in some instances but is less common and can be associated with an allergic reaction rather than being a predictable side effect. Bradycardia is not a common side effect; in fact, ACE inhibitors are more likely to affect blood pressure rather than heart rate directly. This understanding helps nurses anticipate patient