Which medication class is primarily used to treat hypertension?

The primary medication class used to treat hypertension among the options listed is ACE inhibitors. These medications work by inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By reducing the levels of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors lead to vasodilation, decreased fluid retention, and subsequently lower blood pressure. They are particularly effective in managing hypertension and are often first-line treatments due to their ability to provide additional cardiovascular protective effects.

While beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are also effective in managing hypertension, ACE inhibitors are specifically noted for their direct action on the renal system and their favorable outcomes in patients with conditions such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease, making them a cornerstone of hypertension therapy.